Friedy's blog
friedy37
2024-06-08
目录

SpringCloud入门概述

# 1. SpringCloud 入门概述

# 1.1 SpringCloud 是什么？

Spring Cloud 是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用 Spring Boot 的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用 Spring Boot 的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud 并没有重复制造轮子，它只是将各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过 Spring Boot 风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。

# 1.2 SpringCloud 和 SpringBoot 的关系

  • SpringBoot 专注于方便的开发单个个体微服务；
  • SpringCloud 是关注全局的微服务协调整理治理框架，它将 SpringBoot 开发的一个个单体微服务，整合并管理起来，为各个微服务之间提供：配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、为代理、事件总栈、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等集成服务；
  • SpringBoot 可以离开 SpringCloud 独立使用，开发项目，但 SpringCloud 离不开 SpringBoot，属于依赖关系；

总结：SpringBoot 专注于快速、方便的开发单个个体微服务，SpringCloud 关注全局的服务治理框架；

# 1.3 SpringCloud Rest 学习环境搭建: 服务提供者与消费者

# 1.3.1 新建一个空的 maven 项目，管理依赖

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>springcloud-api</module>
        <module>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</module>
    </modules>

    <!--打包方式-->
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <!--管理版本号-->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springCloud的依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--数据库-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.47</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot 启动器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--日志测试-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--单元测试~-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>
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# 1.3.2 新建一个 moudle（springcloud-api），主要负责实体类

pom.xml

<!--当前moudle自己需要的依赖，如果父依赖中有，则不需要写版本号，直接使用父依赖中的-->
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
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Dept .java

package com.kuang.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.io.Serializable;

//必须实现序列化接口！
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true) //链式写法
public class Dept implements Serializable {
    private Long deptno;
    private String dname;
    private String db_source;
}
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# 1.3.3 新建一个 module（springcloud-provider-dept-8001），作为服务提供者 pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <!--需要实体类，导入pom-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--热部署-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
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application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.kuang.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml


spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-provider-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: 123456
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DeptDao 接口

package com.kuang.springcloud.dao;

import com.kuang.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptDao {

    public boolean addDept(Dept dept);

    public Dept queryById(Long id);

    public List<Dept> queryAll();
}
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DeptMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">

    <select id="queryById" parameterType="long" resultType="dept">
        select * from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
    </select>

    <select id="queryAll" resultType="dept">
        select * from dept;
    </select>

    <insert id="addDept" parameterType="dept">
        insert into dept(dname,db_source) values (#{dname},database());
    </insert>
</mapper>
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service 层略

DeptController

package com.kuang.springcloud.controller;

import com.kuang.pojo.Dept;
import com.kuang.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class DeptController {

    @Autowired
    private DeptService deptService;

    @PostMapping("/dept/add")
    public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
        return  deptService.addDept(dept);
    }

    @GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return deptService.queryById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> queryAll(){
        return deptService.queryAll();
    }
}
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最后创建启动类，测试。

# 1.3.4 新建一个 module（springcloud-consumer-dept-80），作为服务消费者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
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application.yml

server:
  port: 80
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ConfigBean

package com.kuang.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
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DeptConsumerController

package com.kuang.springcloud.controller;

import com.kuang.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {

    /**
     * 理解：消费者，不应该有service层,而应该通过url调提供者的控制器
     * RestTemplate .... 源码中未注册到容器中，需要手动注入
     * (地址：url, 实体：Map ,Class<T> responseType)
     * <p>
     * 提供多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法，简单的Restful服务模板~
     */
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX ="http://localhost:8001";

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept){
        // postForObject(服务提供方地址(接口),参数实体,返回类型.class)
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        // getForObject(服务提供方地址(接口),返回类型.class)
        return  restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
    }
}
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编写启动类

# 1.3.5 测试

项目结构图

源

编辑 (opens new window)
#SpringCloud
上次更新: 2024/06/09, 21:19:54
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